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La Filiation de lHomme, 1871, Introduction<br>       </p>       Charles Darwin (1809-1882) nat  Shrewsbury (Shropshire) le 12 fvrier        1809. Son pre, Robert Waring Darwin (1766-1848), tabli dans cette ville        depuis 1787, est un mdecin estim. Son grand-pre, mort sept ans avant        sa naissance, et quil ne connatra donc que par les livres et la lgende        familiale, est Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), mdecin, naturaliste et esprit        encyclopdique, auteur de The Botanic Garden (1791-1799), de Zoonomia (1794-        1796), de Phytologia (1800), et de The Temple of the Nature, or The Origin        of Society (1803). Dans ce dernier ouvrage, et dj dans Zoonomia, il remettait        en cause, comme allait le faire le Franais Lamarck, le dogme de la fixit        des espces. La mre de Charles, Susannah (1765-1817), est lane des enfants        du clbre cramiste Josiah Wedgwood (1730-1795), crateur et directeur        des faenceries du mme nom. Charles est le cinquime enfant, et le second        garon, aprs Marianne (1798-1858), Caroline (1800-1888), Susan Elizabeth        (1803-1866), Erasmus Alvey (1804-1881), et avant Emily Catherine (1810-        1866). En 1817, sa mre succombe,  51 ans,  une longue maladie. Charles        a huit ans et demi. Il est confi  lnergique et austre protection de        ses soeurs. On le place pour un an dans un externat (lcole du Rvrend        Case, ministre de la chapelle unitarienne de High Street),  Shrewsbury.        Ses difficults scolaires seront adoucies par un got intense pour lhistoire        naturelle et les collections. Lanne suivante, il entre  la  grande cole         du Dr Sam Butler, o il restera sept ans pensionnaire, sans conviction.        Il apprend le grec, le latin, les classiques, un peu dhistoire et de gographie        anciennes. La chasse et la pche sont ses seules passions, avec lobservation        de la nature. Il aime aussi la posie, les paysages, la gomtrie et la        chimie exprimentale. Il admire intellectuellement et moralement, limposante        personnalit de son pre,  la fois exigeant et gnreux, intuitif et         sympathique .<br>       <br>     </td>     <td valign=TOP bgcolor="#B689B8" width="100%">&nbsp;</td>   </tr>   <tr>      <td align=left valign=TOP width="25" height="100%" bgcolor="#E4DFED"><a href="calendrier.htm" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('document.calendrier','document.calendrier','img/ca2.gif','#962098586380')"><img name="calendrier" border="0" src="img/ca.gif" width="19" height="99"></a></td>     <td align=left valign=TOP width="25" height="100%" bgcolor="#CAC0DB">&nbsp;</td>     <td align=left valign=TOP width="25" height="100%" bgcolor="#87BFE6">&nbsp;</td>     <td align=left valign=TOP width="100" height="100%" bgcolor="#92A4D1"><br>     </td>     <td valign=TOP bgcolor="#B689B8" width="100%" height="380">&nbsp;</td>   </tr>   <tr>      <td align=left valign=TOP width="25" height="14" bgcolor="#E4DFED">&nbsp;</td>     <td align=left valign=TOP width="25" height="14" bgcolor="#CAC0DB">&nbsp;</td>     <td align=left valign=TOP width="25" height="14" bgcolor="#87BFE6">&nbsp;</td>     <td align=left valign=TOP width="100" height="14" bgcolor="#92A4D1"><img src="img/c.gif" width="14" height="18">&nbsp;&nbsp;<a HREF=javascript:MM_openBrWindow('credit.htm','memory','scrollbars=no,resizable=no,width=100,height=200')><font size="-2">ASTS        2000 </font></a>        <p></p>     </td>     <td valign=TOP bgcolor="#92A4D1" colspan="2"  width="448" height="14"><a href="accueil.htm" target="new">acceuil</a>        <a href="adhesion.htm" target="new">adhsion</a> <a href="job.htm" target="new">jobs</a>        <a href="exposition.htm" target="new">expositions</a> <a href="calendrier.htm" target="new">calendrier</a>        <a href="partenaire.htm" target="new">partenaires</a> <a href="publication.htm" target="new">publications</a>        <a href="debat.htm" target="new">dbats</a> </td>     <td valign=TOP bgcolor="#B689B8" width="100%" height="14">&nbsp;</td>   </tr> </table> </body> </html> 
