<html> <head> <title>Historique</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> </head> <body bgcolor="#00006C" text="#FFFFFF"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">   <tr>     <td width="533" height="208" colspan="36" valign="top"><p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4" color="D69741">2. Historique      :</font></p>   <p align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3" color="D69741"><b><br>     Naissance de la psychologie diff&eacute;rentielle :<br>     quelques dates et noms importants.</b></font></p>       <p align="left"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="00006C">___</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">La          psychologie diffrentielle, comme branche d'une psychologie scientifique,          est ne en Angleterre  la fin du XIX sicle, dans le cadre du courant          philosophique empiriste et comme prolongement de la thorie darwinienne          de l'volution ......</font></p>     </td>     <td width="4" height="208" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="208" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="208" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="208" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="208" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="208" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="208" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="208" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="208" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="208" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="108" valign="top"></td>     <td width="536" height="108" colspan="36" valign="top"><p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font color="D69741">2.1. Antiquit&eacute;      grecque</font></b></font></p>   <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">...... mais ds l'Antiquit grecque      on assiste  des rflexions sur la variabilit des individus chez les philosophes      et les mdecins.</font></p></td>     <td width="5" height="108" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="108" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="108" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="108" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="108" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="108" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="108" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="108" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="108" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="271" height="150" colspan="16" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font color="#000000"><br>   Aristote</font></b><font color="#000000"> (384-322 av. J. -C.) s'intresse aux    diffrences psychologiques entre les races et entre les sexes ainsi qu'aux caractristiques    individuelles ncessaires  l'exercice de certains mtiers.</font></font></td>     <td width="16" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="114" height="150" colspan="5" valign="top"><img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_aristote.gif" width="114" height="150"></td>     <td width="4" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="150" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="115" height="35" colspan="6" valign="top"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><i><font color="D69741"><b>Aristote</b></font></i></font></div></td>     <td width="4" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="35" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="35" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="190" height="202" colspan="9" rowspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#000000"><div align="center">     <p>&nbsp;</p>         <p><img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_platon.jpg" width="121" height="131"></p>   </div></td>     <td width="1" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="18" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="18" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="225" height="201" colspan="15" rowspan="3" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><p><font color="#000000" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><br>     Platon</b> (427-347 av. J. -C.), dans la Rpublique, considre qu'il existe      trois types d'individus correspondant aux trois facettes de l'me humaine:      ses "apptits", la "raison" qui les contrle, et la "passion" qui correspond      au sens moral et  ses manifestations.<br>     </font></p></td>     <td width="3" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="184" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="184" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="1" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="1" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="190" height="16" colspan="9" valign="top"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><i><font size="2"><b><font color="D69741">Platon</font></b></font></i></font></div></td>     <td width="1" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="16" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="16" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="29" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="453" height="130" colspan="27" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><font color="#000000" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><br>   Hippocrate</b> (460-477 av. J. - C.) dcrit les tempraments qu'il interprte    en termes d'<i>humeurs</i> et d'<i>lments</i> et dcrit quatre types d'individus    : les colriques, les mlancoliques, les flegmatiques et les sanguins.<br>   <br>   </font></td>     <td width="3" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="130" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="41" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="41" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="540" height="150" colspan="36" valign="top"><p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font color="D69741">2.2. </font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="D69741">Les      philosophes idalistes</font></b></font></p>   <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="00006C">___</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Dans      le cadre des philosophies idalistes sont dfinies des proprits de l'esprit,      ou des facults, qui permettent d'accder  la connaissance indpendamment      des sensations. Pour les philosophes idalistes les ides sont innes et notre      esprit a la capacit de les apprhender directement. C'est l'mergence des      <b>thories des facults</b>.</font></p></td>     <td width="8" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="150" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="150" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="164" height="219" colspan="7" rowspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#1A1A1A"><div align="center"><br>         <img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_reid.jpg" width="135" height="184" align="absmiddle"></div>     </td>     <td width="17" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="2" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="293" height="237" colspan="23" rowspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b><br>       Reid</b> (1710-1796) prsente un certain nombre de facults trs gnrales        qui peuvent se manifester de faon plus ou moins forte chez les individus        et voque ainsi des dimensions des diffrences individuelles. Reid relve        vingt-quatre "pouvoirs actifs" (par exemple : la faim, l'estime de soi,        le dsir de puissance, la piti, le devoir, l'imagination, etc.) et six        "pouvoirs intellectuels".<br>   <br>   </font></td>     <td width="9" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="217" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="217" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="165" height="20" colspan="8" valign="top"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><i><b><font color="D69741">Reid</font></b></i></font></div></td>     <td width="17" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="20" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="47" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="47" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="449" height="129" colspan="26" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font color="#000000"><br>   Gall</font></b><font color="#000000"> (1758-1828) prsente une trentaine de    facults qui ont chacune leur sige dans une rgion du cerveau qui est d'autant    plus dveloppe que l'est la facult. Mme si la thorie phrnologique de Gall    est errone, elle met en avant l'ide des localisations crbrales.<br>   </font></font></td>     <td width="4" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="129" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="129" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="28" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="28" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="184" height="252" colspan="10" rowspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#000000"><p align="center">&nbsp;</p>       <p align="center"><img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_gall.gif" width="148" height="177"></p>   <p align="center"><i><font color="D69741"><b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Gall</font></b></font></i></p></td>     <td width="17" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="17" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="148" height="235" colspan="10" valign="top"><img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_head.gif" width="148" height="210"></td>     <td width="50" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="235" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="235" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="24" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="453" height="92" colspan="27" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><br>   Les thories des facults, n'tant pas valides, n'ont pas facilit la naissance    de la psychologie diffrentielle et ont constitu des obstacles  son mergence.<br>   </font></td>     <td width="3" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="92" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="92" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="24" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="24" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="546" height="183" colspan="39" valign="top"><p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font color="D69741">2.3. </font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="D69741">Les      philosophes empiristes</font></b></font></p>   <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="00006C">___</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Pour      les philosophes empiristes les ides sont labores  partir des informations      fournies par les organes sensoriels. A l'inverse des idalistes l'esprit est      une table rase sur laquelle viennent s'inscrire les sensations. </font></p>   <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="00006C">___</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Ce      courant philosophique a t trs important en Angleterre  partir de <b>Hobbes</b>      (1588-1679) et <b>Locke</b> (1632-1704).</font></p></td>     <td width="5" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="183" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="156" height="231" colspan="9" rowspan="3" valign="top"><img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_locke1.jpg" width="156" height="231"></td>     <td width="3" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="29" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="29" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="139" height="172" colspan="4" valign="top"><img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_hobbes.jpg" width="139" height="172"></td>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="172" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="172" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="141" height="30" colspan="6" valign="top"><div align="center"><i><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="D69741"><b>Hobbes</b></font></i></div></td>     <td width="31" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="30" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="30" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="160" height="27" colspan="11" valign="top"><div align="center"><i><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="D69741"><b>Locke</b></font></i></div></td>     <td width="14" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="27" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="27" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="239" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="239" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="239" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="239" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="239" valign="top"></td>     <td width="541" height="239" colspan="38" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#D69741"><br>   ___</font> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"> Selon    les empiristes associationnistes, c'est en s'associant que les sensations deviennent    des connaissances.<br>   </font><font color="#000000"><br>       <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#D69741">___</font></font>        <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000">Dans le cadre        de la philosophie empiriste, la pense est apprhende comme un phnomne        naturel dont on peut observer les manifestations. </font><font color="#000000"><br>   <br>   <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#D69741">___</font></font>    <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000">Dans la recherche    de lois gnrales de l'association la variabilit interindividuelle est considre    comme une source d'erreur, aussi, si l'empirisme permet l'apparition d'une psychologie    exprimentale gnrale il est moins concern par la naissance d'une psychologie    diffrentielle.<br>   <br>   </font></td>     <td width="5" height="239" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="239" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="239" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="25" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="25" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="546" height="130" colspan="39" valign="top"><p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font color="D69741">2.4. La      thorie de l'volution</font></b></font></p>   <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="00006C">___</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">L'impact      de la thorie de l'volution (Darwin, 1859) a t considrable. Cela a permis      de donner naissance  la psychologie compare qui analyse les diffrences      et les ressemblances entre les espces animales et  la psychologie diffrentielle.</font></p></td>     <td width="5" height="130" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="130" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="261" height="309" colspan="22" rowspan="4" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font color="#000000"><br>       Darwin</font></b><font color="#000000"> pense que les espces naissent,        se transforment et disparaissent sans intervention divine. Pour Darwin l'volution        des espces est le rsultat d'une slection naturelle qui s'exerce  partir        d'une variabilit alatoire de caractres hrditaires (du fait du hasard        certaines girafes naissent avec un cou plus long que les autres, ceci leur        permet de brouter les branches leves, leurs chances de survivre et de        se reproduire sont ainsi maximises).<br>   <br>   </font></font></td>     <td width="3" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="37" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="37" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="182" height="190" colspan="8" valign="top" bgcolor="#000000"><div align="center">      <p><br>           <img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_darwin.gif" width="148" height="152"></p>   </div></td>     <td width="17" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="190" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="190" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="2" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="2" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="184" height="80" colspan="10" valign="top"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><i><b><font color="D69741">Darwin</font></b></i></font></div></td>     <td width="17" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="80" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="80" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="20" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="20" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="114" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="114" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="114" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="114" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="114" valign="top"></td>     <td width="546" height="114" colspan="39" valign="top"><p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font color="D69741">2.5. Galton      et l'mergence de la psychologie diffrentielle</font></b></font></p>       <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="00006C">___</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">C'est          avec <b>Galton</b> (1822-1911), empiriste-associationniste disciple de          Darwin, que les bases de la psychologie diffrentielle vont tre jetes.</font></p>     </td>     <td width="5" height="114" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="114" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="237" height="346" colspan="13" rowspan="3" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b><br>     Galton</b> a ralis un nombre important de travaux et dans des domaines trs      divers, il s'est intress  la mcanique,  la mtorologie,  la psychologie      gnrale etc. </font></p>   <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000">Galton a ralis      des travaux de psychologie diffrentielle avec trois objectifs : dcrire et      mesurer la variabilit psychologique interindividuelle, montrer que cette      variabilit est d'origine hrditaire, tirer les implications de la thorie      de l'volution quant  l'amlioration de l'espce humaine (eugnisme).<br>     </font></p></td>     <td width="12" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="69" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="69" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="165" height="183" colspan="14" valign="top" bgcolor="#B2B2B2">    <div align="center"><br>     <br>         <img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_galton.gif" width="90" height="109">        </div> </td>     <td width="1" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="183" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="183" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="165" height="94" colspan="14" valign="top">    <div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><i><b><font color="D69741">Galton</font></b></i></font></div></td>     <td width="1" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="94" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="94" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="17" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="462" height="276" colspan="33" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><br>         Afin d'observer la variabilit individuelle, Galton invente les <b>tests</b>.          Ce sont des preuves standardises qui permettent une observation standardise          de la conduite. </font></p>       <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000">Afin de condenser          ses observations et d'valuer les diffrences entre les individus Galton          propose la notion d'<b>talonnage</b> qui permet la transformation d'une          mesure de performance en un rang. </font></p>       <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000">Afin de mesurer          la ressemblance entre parents et enfants, vers 1880, Galton propose le          <b>coefficient de corrlation</b> dont la technique sera prcise plus          tard par Pearson (1857-1936) qui utilisera les thormes tablis antrieurement          par le mathmaticien franais Bravais. <br>     </font> </p></td>     <td width="3" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="276" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="276" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="16" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="12" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="34" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="36" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="17" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="17" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="32" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="32" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="32" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="32" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="32" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="32" valign="top"></td>     <td width="550" height="32" colspan="39" valign="top"><p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font color="D69741">2.6. Dveloppement      de la psychologie diffrentielle au 20me sicle</font></b></font></p></td>     <td width="19" height="32" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="371" height="186" colspan="22" rowspan="3" valign="top"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="00006C">___</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">En        Angleterre,  partir de Galton, s'est constitue une cole,<b> l'E</b><b>cole        Anglaise</b> qui regroupe  la fois des statisticiens et des psychologues.        Parmi les statisticiens, les plus connus sont <b>Pearson</b>, collaborateur        de Galton et <b>Fisher</b>, inventeur de la statistique infrentielle. Parmi        les psychologues <b>Eysenck</b> (n en 1916) est sans doute le reprsentant        le plus connu de cette cole.</font></td>     <td width="20" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="7" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="50" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="14" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="4" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="8" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="11" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="22" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="22" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="109" height="112" colspan="12" valign="top"><img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_eysenck.jpg" width="109" height="111"></td>     <td width="11" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="112" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="112" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="52" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="52" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="52" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="52" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="52" valign="top"></td>     <td width="20" height="52" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="52" valign="top"></td>     <td width="122" height="52" colspan="13" valign="top"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><i><b><font color="D69741">Eysenck</font></b></i></font></div></td>     <td width="27" height="52" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="52" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="52" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="52" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="112" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="9" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="31" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="6" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="261" height="257" colspan="22" rowspan="3" valign="top" bgcolor="#D69741"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><br>   En France les premiers travaux de psychologie diffrentielle sont ceux de <b>Binet</b>    et de <b>Toulouse</b> et subissent peu l'influence Galtonienne. Ce n'est que    plus tard que l'on observera l'influence de l'cole anglaise sur la psychologie    diffrentielle franaise avec les travaux de Henri <b>Piron</b> (1881-1964)    et de Maurice <b>Reuchlin</b> (n en 1920).</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br>   <br>   </font></td>     <td width="3" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="3" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="3" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="192" height="231" colspan="9" valign="top" bgcolor="#000000"><div align="center">      <p><br>           <img src="../Images_psydiffb/portrait_pieron.gif" width="148" height="189"><br>     </p>   </div></td>     <td width="6" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="231" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="231" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="192" height="23" colspan="9" valign="top"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><i><b><font color="D69741">Pi&eacute;ron</font></b></i></font></div></td>     <td width="6" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="17" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="3" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="27" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="5" height="23" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="23" valign="top"></td>   </tr>   <tr>     <td width="1" height="31" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="31" valign="top"></td>     <td width="47" height="31" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="31" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="31" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="31" valign="top"></td>     <td width="29" height="31" valign="top"></td>     <td width="19" height="31" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="31" valign="top"></td>     <td width="1" height="31" valign="top"></td>    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valign="top"><img width="1" height="1" src="transparent.gif"></td>     <td width="20" height="1" valign="top"><img width="20" height="1" src="transparent.gif"></td>     <td width="16" height="1" valign="top"><img width="16" height="1" src="transparent.gif"></td>     <td width="12" height="1" valign="top"><img width="12" height="1" src="transparent.gif"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"><img width="1" height="1" src="transparent.gif"></td>     <td width="34" height="1" valign="top"><img width="34" height="1" src="transparent.gif"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"><img width="1" height="1" src="transparent.gif"></td>     <td width="36" height="1" valign="top"><img width="36" height="1" src="transparent.gif"></td>     <td width="20" height="1" valign="top"><img width="20" height="1" src="transparent.gif"></td>     <td width="1" height="1" valign="top"><img width="1" height="1" src="transparent.gif"></td>     <td width="7" height="1" valign="top"><img width="7" 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