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NATURE</a></td> </tr> <tr> 	 	<td width="193" valign="top"> 		 	   <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"> <!-- function action() { chemin=/recherche/; document.formulaire.action= chemin + "resultat_recherche.cfm?requesttimeout=500"; if (chemin != "/recherche/"){method = "get"}else{method="post"}; document.formulaire.method =method; document.formulaire.submit(); } //--> </script> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <form name="formulaire"> <tr> 	<td valign="top" background="/images/habillages/cinq/bk_lignes_vertes.gif"><img src="/images/habillages/paves_communs/shim.gif" width="18" height="1" border="0"></td> 	<td><img src="/images/habillages/paves_communs/shim.gif" width="6" height="1" border="0"></td> 	<td> 		<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" width="100%"> 		<tr><td colspan="2"><img src="/images/habillages/cinq/ti_recherche.gif" width="55" height="6" border="0" vspace="2" hspace="0"></td></tr> 		 		<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="texte" SIZE="17" class="txtinput" value=""> 		<a href="javascript:action();"><img src="/images/habillages/cinq/bt_ok.gif" width="16" height="15" border="0"></a></td></tr> 		</table> 	</td> </tr> </form> <tr><td colspan="3"><br><img src="/images/habillages/cinq/separateur_up_down.gif" width="158" height="1" border="0"></td></tr> </table>   			 			 				 	 	 	 	<br> 	<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1">	 	<tr> 		<td valign="top"><img src="/images/habillages/cinq/themes/sciences_nature/fl_g.gif" width="17" height="18"></td> 		<td width="189" valign="top"><a href="/sciences_nature/W00133/2/62481.cfm"><img src="/images/habillages/cinq/themes/sciences_nature/sommaire_g.gif" width="72" height="18" border="0"></a></td> 	</tr> 	 	 	 		 		 		<tr> 			<td></td> 			<td width="189"> 		 			<span class="menuleft"><b><a href="/sciences_nature/W00133/2/62481.cfm">QU'EST-CE QUE C'EST ?</a> </b></span></td> 		 		</td></tr>	 			 				 	 		 		 		<tr> 			<td></td> 			<td width="189"> 		 			<span class="menuleft"><b><a href="/sciences_nature/W00133/2/62482.cfm">CERVEAU ET MEMOIRE PROCESSEUR</a></b></span></td> 		 		</td></tr>	 			 				 	 		 		 		<tr> 			<td></td> 			<td width="189"> 		 			<span class="menuleft"><b><a href="/sciences_nature/W00133/2/62485.cfm">LA MACHINE A COMMUNIQUER</a></b></span></td> 		 		</td></tr>	 			 				 	 		 		 		<tr> 			<td></td> 			<td width="189"> 		 			<span class="menuleft"><b><a href="/sciences_nature/W00133/2/62479.cfm">INTERNET - INTRANET</a></b></span></td> 		 		</td></tr>	 			 				 	 		 		 		<tr> 			<td></td> 			<td width="189"> 		 			<span class="menuleft"><b><a href="/sciences_nature/W00133/2/62480.cfm">LES LECTEURS</a> </b></span></td> 		 		</td></tr>	 			 				 	 		 		 		<tr> 			<td></td> 			<td width="189"> 		 			<span class="menuleft"><b><a href="/sciences_nature/W00133/2/62486.cfm">L'IMAGE FIXE ET ANIMEE</a> </b></span></td> 		 		</td></tr>	 			 				 	 		 		 		<tr> 			<td></td> 			<td width="189"> 		 			<span class="menuleft"><b><a href="/sciences_nature/W00133/2/62483.cfm">LE SON</a> </b></span></td> 		 		</td></tr>	 			 				 	 		 		 		<tr> 			<td></td> 			<td width="189"> 		 			<span class="menuleft"><b><a href="/sciences_nature/W00133/2/62484.cfm">POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS</a></b></span></td> 		 		</td></tr>	 			 				 	 	</table> 	  			<br> 		 			 			 				<center><SCRIPT LANGUAGE=JavaScript> <!-- OAS_AD('Left'); //--> </SCRIPT> </center> 			<br> 			 	</td> 	 	 	<TD valign="top" bgcolor="#7F7F7F" width="1"><img src="/images/habillages/paves_communs/shim.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0"></TD> 	 	 	<td width="432" valign="top"><A NAME="top"></A> 	<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" border="0" width="100%"> 	<tr><td></td></tr> 	<tr> 			 		<td>  	  	<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%" border="0" class="txtgrismedium"> 	<tr><td align="center" valign="top">		 			 				<CENTER><B>L'ORDINATEUR PERSONNEL</B>  				</CENTER><BR> 					 		</td> 	</tr> 	</table> 	  	<DIV class="txtnoir" ALIGN="left"><div align="center"><B>Qu'est-ce que c'est ?</B></div><BR> <BR> Contrairement &agrave; ce qu'on pourrait croire, l'ordinateur n'est pas une cr&eacute;ation r&eacute;cente. En effet, s'il est devenu un &eacute;quipement domestique courant au cours des ann&eacute;es 90, son invention remonte &agrave; l'apr&egrave;s-guerre. <p>Le mot a &eacute;t&eacute; cr&eacute;e en 1954 par un professeur de lettres parisien charg&eacute; par la firme IBM de la traduction du mot anglais Computer (litt&eacute;ralement Calculateur). A l'&eacute;poque, bien sr, pas de souris, ni de clavier, ni d'&eacute;cran. <p>Partons-donc d'une d&eacute;finition minimale : un ordinateur est un ensemble de circuits &eacute;lectroniques destin&eacute; &agrave; traiter des donn&eacute;es cod&eacute;es sous forme binaire, c'est-&agrave;-dire sous la forme d'une suite de 0 et de 1 (bits).<p> Donc, Stricto sensu, toute machine pouvant travailler sur des donn&eacute;es binaires et ex&eacute;cuter des programmes peut &ecirc;tre qualifi&eacute;e d'ordinateur. C'est ainsi que, par exemple, les machines utilis&eacute;es par les scientifiques ou par l'industrie a&eacute;ronautique pour effectuer des calculs complexes sont aussi des ordinateurs. <p>Nous ne nous int&eacute;resserons ici qu'&agrave; l'acception courante du mot, qui d&eacute;signe &agrave; proprement parler les micro-ordinateurs, apparus au cours des ann&eacute;es 70. Et plus exactement &agrave; l'ordinateur personnel moderne et &agrave; ses &eacute;quipements les plus r&eacute;pandus - donc les moins susceptibles de se d&eacute;moder rapidement.<p> <center><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=4,0,2,0" width="300" height="150">                   <param name=movie value="/images/flash/swf_pc/ordi.swf">                   <param name=quality value=high>                   <embed src="/images/flash/swf_pc/ordi.swf" quality=high pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="300" height="150">                   </embed>                  </object></center><p> <b>L'unit&eacute; centrale : ses &eacute;l&eacute;ments de base</b><p> Commen&ccedil;ons par le d&eacute;but : l'unit&eacute; centrale. C'est un bo&icirc;tier qui contient les composants essentiels au fonctionnement de l'ordinateur : processeur, m&eacute;moire, lecteurs et carte-m&egrave;re. La fa&ccedil;ade avant (partie du bo&icirc;tier tourn&eacute;e vers l'utilisateur) permet d'acc&eacute;der &agrave; divers &eacute;l&eacute;ments : le bouton On/Off (pour mettre l'ordinateur sous tension), et les lecteurs dans lesquels vous pourrez ins&eacute;rer selon le cas disquette, c&eacute;d&eacute;rom ou <a href="/dossiers/w00054/64" title="Notre fiche DVD">DVD</a>.<p> La fa&ccedil;ade arri&egrave;re comporte l'ensemble des ports de communication (prises) permettant de brancher &eacute;cran, clavier, souris et autres p&eacute;riph&eacute;riques (imprimantes, scanneur, enceintes audio, etc.) <p>Attention : le nombre de p&eacute;riph&eacute;riques connectables &agrave; un ordinateur d&eacute;pend du nombre de ports disponibles. Soyez pr&eacute;voyants ! <p>Ce nombre est lui-m&ecirc;me d&eacute;termin&eacute; par la carte-m&egrave;re. El&eacute;ment central, c'est une plaque qui relie tout les &eacute;l&eacute;ments composant votre ordinateur. De sa capacit&eacute; &agrave; accepter une large gamme de mat&eacute;riels d&eacute;pendra l'&eacute;volutivit&eacute; de votre ordinateur.<P><I>Article r&eacute;dig&eacute; par Fabien Navel</I> </DIV><br><br> 	 </td>  	</tr> 	<tr><td> 		<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"> 		<tr><td><br>  <script language="JavaScript">  <!-- function add_favoris(mon_url) { nom_site = "'France5'"; url_site = "'http://www.france5.fr/" & mon_url & "'"; if (navigator.appName == "Netscape") alert ('Utilisateur de Netscape, il vous suffit d\'appuyer sur CTRL+d  pour ajouter cette page  vos signets.'); else {window.external.AddFavorite(location.href, document.title);} } //-->	 </script>  <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td bgcolor="E6E9EA" align="center" class="txtnoirpetit"><a href="javascript:MM_openBrWindow('/sciences_nature/fonctions/index.cfm?referrer=%2Fsciences%5Fnature%2FW00133%2F2%2Findex%2Ecfm','imprimer','toolbar=no,location=no,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,width=600,height=400')"><img src="/images/habillages/paves_communs/fonctions/print.gif" width="19" height="14" align="absmiddle" border="0">imprimer ce contenu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="javascript:MM_openBrWindow('/sciences_nature/fonctions/index.cfm?referrer=%2Fsciences%5Fnature%2FW00133%2F2%2Findex%2Ecfm&titre_article=L%20ordinateur%20personnel','envoi','toolbar=no,location=no,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,width=468,height=468')"><img src="/images/habillages/paves_communs/fonctions/send.gif" width="19" height="14" align="absmiddle" border="0">Envoyer &agrave; 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