<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>CHUPS - Mol&eacute;cules informationnelles - Objectifs au cours de Biochimie PCEM2 Biochimie  m&eacute;tabolique et R&eacute;gulations C1</TITLE> <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <STYLE type="text/css"> </STYLE><LINK rel="stylesheet" href="/shared/main.css"> <SCRIPT language="javascript" src="/shared/menus.js"></SCRIPT></HEAD> <BODY leftmargin=0 marginwidth=0 background="/shared/greige100.gif"> <TABLE border=0 width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0> <TR> <TD width=180 bgcolor="#18588F">&nbsp;</TD> <TD width=10>&nbsp;</td> <TD colspan=2 valign="bottom" rowspan=2> <TABLE border=0 width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0> <TR><TD height=18 rowspan=2 valign="bottom" width="10%"><A  href="POLY.Chp.1.34.html"><IMG src="/shared/z72prece.gif" width=140 height=46 border=0 alt="Page prcdente"></A><A  href="POLY.Chp.2.html"><IMG src="/shared/z72suiv.gif" width=139 height=46 border=0 alt="Page suivante"></A><A  href="/polys/biochimie/index.html?dispg=bioch"><IMG src="/shared/z72retoursom.gif" width=140 height=51 border=0 alt="Sommaire"></A><A  href="MIbioch.pdf"><IMG  src="/shared/z72vers-imprim.gif" width=133 height=55 border=0 alt="Version imprimable"></A></TD> <TD height=18 align="right" width="90%">&nbsp;</TD> </TR> <TR bgcolor="18588F"> <TD align="right" width="90%"> <DIV align="right"><IMG src="/shared/z72degrade-sept.gif" width=109 height=41 border=0></DIV> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD width=180 bgcolor="#18588F" valign="bottom" align="center">&nbsp;</TD> <TD width=10 valign="bottom" align="center">&nbsp;</TD> </TR> <TR valign="top"> <TD width=180 bgcolor="#18588F" valign="top"> <P align="center"><A href="/"><IMG src="/shared/72logocoul-taille1.gif" width=125 height=50 border=0 alt="Home page"></A></P> <H4 align="center"><A href="index.html"   class="minitoctit"><FONT color="#FFFFFF">Mol&eacute;cules informationnelles</FONT></A></H4> <P><A href="POLY.TDM.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">Plan du cours</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Pref.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">Objectifs</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Part.I.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">I - Les voies de transduction</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Chp.1.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">1 - D&eacute;finitions</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Chp.2.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">2 - Voies des nucl&eacute;otides cycliques</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Chp.3.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">3 - Voie des diglyc&eacute;rides, de l'inositol-P<SUB>3</SUB> et du calcium</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Chp.4.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">4 - Voies du r&eacute;cepteur de l'insuline</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Chp.5.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">5 - Voies des r&eacute;cepteurs nucl&eacute;aires</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Chp.6.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">6 - Stimulines, lib&eacute;rines, neurotransmetteurs</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Part.II.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">II - Autres mol&eacute;cules informationnelles</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Chp.7.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">7 - Les immunoglobulines</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Chp.8.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">8 - Facteurs de croissance</FONT></A></P><P><A href="POLY.Chp.9.html"   class="minitoclink"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">9 - Les bact&eacute;ries et les virus</FONT></A></P> <P> </P><HR clear=all size=1 width="80%"> <P class="minitoctxt"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">Tous droits de reproduction rservs aux auteurs</FONT></P>  <P> </P><HR clear=all size=1 width="80%"> <P class="minitoctxt"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">traduction HTML V2.1</FONT><BR><A href="mailto:vm@biomath.jussieu.fr" class="minitoctxt"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">V. Morice</FONT></A></P> <P> </P><HR clear=all size=1 width="80%"><P><A href="mailto:webmaster@eao.chups.jussieu.fr" class="minitoctxt"><FONT size=2 color="#FFFFFF">webmaster</FONT></A></P><P> </P></TD> <TD width=10 valign="top">&nbsp;</TD> <TD colspan=2><BR> <TABLE border=0 bgcolor="#888888" cellpadding=8 align="center"> <TR> <TD> <H1 class="titniv2">Partie&nbsp;I&nbsp;- Les voies de transduction<BR>Chapitre&nbsp;1&nbsp;- D&eacute;finitions</H1> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P align="left">&nbsp;</P> <H2 class="titniv3">1.35&nbsp;- Pompe</H2> <P align="left">&nbsp;</P> <SCRIPT language="javascript"> <!-- if (ns4 || ns6 || ie45) {CrMenusSect("<A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.1 - Mol&eacute;cule informationnelle</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.2.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.2 - Corticotropine = ACTH</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.3.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.3 - Prostaglandine\n"+ "E<SUB>2</SUB></A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.4.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.4 - Ad&eacute;nosine</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.5.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.5 - Mol&eacute;cules informationnelles (I)\n"+ "</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.6.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.6 - Mol&eacute;cules\n"+ "informationnelles (II)</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.7.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.7 - Glande endocrine</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.8.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.8 - Hormone</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.9.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.9 - Adr&eacute;naline (&eacute;pinephrine)</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.10.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.10 - Cortisol</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.11.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.11 - S&eacute;cr&eacute;tine</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.12.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.12 - Cellule-cible</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.13.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.13 - R&eacute;cepteur</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.14.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.14 - R&eacute;cepteurs (I)</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.15.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.15 - R&eacute;cepteur\n"+ "&agrave; 7 domaines transmembranaires</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.16.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.16 - Prot&eacute;ines\n"+ "G</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.17.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.17 - Prot&eacute;ine Gs</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.18.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.18 - Cycle des prot&eacute;ines G</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.19.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.19 - Effecteur</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.20.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.20 - Ad&eacute;nylate cyclase</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.21.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.21 - Second\n"+ "messager</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.22.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.22 - Mol&eacute;cules informationnelles\n"+ "(III)&nbsp;; seconds messagers</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.23.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.23 - AMP cyclique</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.24.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.24 - GMP cyclique</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.25.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.25 - Prot&eacute;ine-(Ser/Thr)-kinases</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.26.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.26 - Prot&eacute;ine kinase A</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.27.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.27 - Prot&eacute;ine kinase G</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.28.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.28 - Prot&eacute;ine kinase Ca<SUP>++</SUP>-calmoduline\n"+ "d&eacute;pendante</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.29.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.29 - Prot&eacute;ine-(Tyr)-kinases</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.30.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.30 - Prot&eacute;ine tyrosine kinase</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.31.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.31 - Prot&eacute;ine-phosphatases</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.32.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.32 - Phosphoprot&eacute;ine phosphatase\n"+ "1</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.33.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.33 - Canal</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.34.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.34 - Canal Calcium</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.35.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.35 - Pompe</A>","","");} else {document.writeln("<TABLE border=1 cellpadding=10 width=\"100%\">\n"+ "<TR valign=top>\n"+ "<TD width=\"100%\"><FONT size=2><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.1 - Mol&eacute;cule informationnelle</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.2.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.2 - Corticotropine = ACTH</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.3.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.3 - Prostaglandine\n"+ "E<SUB>2</SUB></A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.4.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.4 - Ad&eacute;nosine</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.5.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.5 - Mol&eacute;cules informationnelles (I)\n"+ "</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.6.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.6 - Mol&eacute;cules\n"+ "informationnelles (II)</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.7.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.7 - Glande endocrine</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.8.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.8 - Hormone</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.9.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.9 - Adr&eacute;naline (&eacute;pinephrine)</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.10.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.10 - Cortisol</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.11.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.11 - S&eacute;cr&eacute;tine</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.12.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.12 - Cellule-cible</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.13.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.13 - R&eacute;cepteur</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.14.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.14 - R&eacute;cepteurs (I)</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.15.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.15 - R&eacute;cepteur\n"+ "&agrave; 7 domaines transmembranaires</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.16.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.16 - Prot&eacute;ines\n"+ "G</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.17.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.17 - Prot&eacute;ine Gs</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.18.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.18 - Cycle des prot&eacute;ines G</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.19.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.19 - Effecteur</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.20.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.20 - Ad&eacute;nylate cyclase</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.21.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.21 - Second\n"+ "messager</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.22.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.22 - Mol&eacute;cules informationnelles\n"+ "(III)&nbsp;; seconds messagers</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.23.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.23 - AMP cyclique</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.24.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.24 - GMP cyclique</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.25.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.25 - Prot&eacute;ine-(Ser/Thr)-kinases</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.26.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.26 - Prot&eacute;ine kinase A</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.27.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.27 - Prot&eacute;ine kinase G</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.28.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.28 - Prot&eacute;ine kinase Ca<SUP>++</SUP>-calmoduline\n"+ "d&eacute;pendante</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.29.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.29 - Prot&eacute;ine-(Tyr)-kinases</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.30.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.30 - Prot&eacute;ine tyrosine kinase</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.31.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.31 - Prot&eacute;ine-phosphatases</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.32.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.32 - Phosphoprot&eacute;ine phosphatase\n"+ "1</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.33.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.33 - Canal</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.34.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.34 - Canal Calcium</A><BR><A href=\"POLY.Chp.1.35.html\" \n"+ " class=\"loctoclink\">1.35 - Pompe</A></FONT></TD>\n"+ "</TR></TABLE>");} //--> </SCRIPT> <P align="left">&nbsp;</P> <TABLE align="center" border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0> <TR align="center"><TD><IMG src="MI_24_1_PICT.jpg"  width=533 height=356 hspace=6 vspace=6 alt="Image MI_24_1_PICT.jpg" align="bottom" ></TD> </TR> <TR align="center"><TD><B   class="titniv6c">MI 24/1</B></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR clear=all><P><UL type="Disc"><LI>Les pompes membranaires sont des prot&eacute;ines membranaires dont la fonction est de transporter des substances hydrophiles &agrave; travers la membrane.</LI><LI>La plupart du temps ce transport se fait &agrave; contre-gradient, c'est &agrave; dire du compartiment le plus dilu&eacute; vers le compartiment le plus concentr&eacute;. Pour vaincre cette diff&eacute;rence de concentration une pompe doit consommer de l'&eacute;nergie (transport actif), qu'elle acquiert en utilisant le potentiel &eacute;lectrique de la membrane ou bien en hydrolysant des liaisons riches en &eacute;nergie (ATPase).</LI><LI>Le plus souvent les corps chimiques transport&eacute;s sont des ions&nbsp;: H<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>++</SUP>,&nbsp;...</LI><LI>Certaines pompes ne laissent passer sp&eacute;cifiquement qu'un ion et dans un seul sens. D'autres permettent le passage dans un sens de deux corps chimiques ensemble (glucose et Na<SUP>+</SUP>, par exemple) ou dans des sens oppos&eacute;s (&eacute;changes Na<SUP>+</SUP> contre K<SUP>+</SUP>).</LI><LI>Les pompes sont tr&egrave;s fr&eacute;quentes dans la membrane plasmique de toutes les cellules diff&eacute;renci&eacute;es.</LI></UL></P><P   align="left">&nbsp;</P> <TABLE border=0 width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0> <TR><TD height=18 rowspan=2 valign="bottom" width="10%"><A  href="POLY.Chp.1.34.html"><IMG src="/shared/z72prece.gif" width=140 height=46 border=0 alt="Page prcdente"></A><A  href="POLY.Chp.2.html"><IMG src="/shared/z72suiv.gif" width=139 height=46 border=0 alt="Page suivante"></A><A  href="/polys/biochimie/index.html?dispg=bioch"><IMG src="/shared/z72retoursom.gif" width=140 height=51 border=0 alt="Sommaire"></A><A  href="MIbioch.pdf"><IMG  src="/shared/z72vers-imprim.gif" width=133 height=55 border=0 alt="Version imprimable"></A></TD> <TD height=18 align="right" width="90%">&nbsp;</TD> </TR> <TR bgcolor="18588F"> <TD align="right" width="90%"> <DIV align="right"><IMG src="/shared/z72degrade-sept.gif" width=109 height=41 border=0></DIV> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P align="left">&nbsp;</P> <TABLE border=1 cellpadding=10 width="100%"> <TR valign=top> <TD width="100%"><FONT size=2><A href="POLY.Chp.1.html"   class="loctoclink">1.1 - Mol&eacute;cule informationnelle</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.2.html"   class="loctoclink">1.2 - Corticotropine = ACTH</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.3.html"   class="loctoclink">1.3 - Prostaglandine E<SUB>2</SUB></A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.4.html"   class="loctoclink">1.4 - Ad&eacute;nosine</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.5.html"   class="loctoclink">1.5 - Mol&eacute;cules informationnelles (I) </A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.6.html"   class="loctoclink">1.6 - Mol&eacute;cules informationnelles (II)</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.7.html"   class="loctoclink">1.7 - Glande endocrine</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.8.html"   class="loctoclink">1.8 - Hormone</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.9.html"   class="loctoclink">1.9 - Adr&eacute;naline (&eacute;pinephrine)</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.10.html"   class="loctoclink">1.10 - Cortisol</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.11.html"   class="loctoclink">1.11 - S&eacute;cr&eacute;tine</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.12.html"   class="loctoclink">1.12 - Cellule-cible</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.13.html"   class="loctoclink">1.13 - R&eacute;cepteur</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.14.html"   class="loctoclink">1.14 - R&eacute;cepteurs (I)</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.15.html"   class="loctoclink">1.15 - R&eacute;cepteur &agrave; 7 domaines transmembranaires</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.16.html"   class="loctoclink">1.16 - Prot&eacute;ines G</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.17.html"   class="loctoclink">1.17 - Prot&eacute;ine Gs</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.18.html"   class="loctoclink">1.18 - Cycle des prot&eacute;ines G</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.19.html"   class="loctoclink">1.19 - Effecteur</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.20.html"   class="loctoclink">1.20 - Ad&eacute;nylate cyclase</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.21.html"   class="loctoclink">1.21 - Second messager</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.22.html"   class="loctoclink">1.22 - Mol&eacute;cules informationnelles (III)&nbsp;; seconds messagers</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.23.html"   class="loctoclink">1.23 - AMP cyclique</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.24.html"   class="loctoclink">1.24 - GMP cyclique</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.25.html"   class="loctoclink">1.25 - Prot&eacute;ine-(Ser/Thr)-kinases</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.26.html"   class="loctoclink">1.26 - Prot&eacute;ine kinase A</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.27.html"   class="loctoclink">1.27 - Prot&eacute;ine kinase G</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.28.html"   class="loctoclink">1.28 - Prot&eacute;ine kinase Ca<SUP>++</SUP>-calmoduline d&eacute;pendante</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.29.html"   class="loctoclink">1.29 - Prot&eacute;ine-(Tyr)-kinases</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.30.html"   class="loctoclink">1.30 - Prot&eacute;ine tyrosine kinase</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.31.html"   class="loctoclink">1.31 - Prot&eacute;ine-phosphatases</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.32.html"   class="loctoclink">1.32 - Phosphoprot&eacute;ine phosphatase 1</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.33.html"   class="loctoclink">1.33 - Canal</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.34.html"   class="loctoclink">1.34 - Canal Calcium</A><BR><A href="POLY.Chp.1.35.html"   class="loctoclink">1.35 - Pompe</A></FONT></TD> </TR></TABLE> <P   align="left">&nbsp;</P> </TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=180 bgcolor="#18588F">&nbsp;</TD> <TD width=10>&nbsp;</TD> <TD>&nbsp;</TD> <TD>&nbsp;</TD> </TR> </TABLE> </BODY> </HTML> 
