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class="menuRubrique">&gt; Synodes</a></td>           <td width="114" class="niveauRubr">&gt; Etat du Vatican </td>         </tr>       </table>     </td>   </tr>   <tr>      <td colspan="5">       <table width="750" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" name="contenu">         <tr>            <td width="117" valign="top"> <!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/menuG.lbi" --> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function MM_swapImgRestore() { //v3.0   var i,x,a=document.MM_sr; for(i=0;a&&i<a.length&&(x=a[i])&&x.oSrc;i++) x.src=x.oSrc; }  function MM_preloadImages() { //v3.0   var d=document; if(d.images){ if(!d.MM_p) d.MM_p=new Array();     var i,j=d.MM_p.length,a=MM_preloadImages.arguments; for(i=0; i<a.length; i++)     if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0){ d.MM_p[j]=new Image; d.MM_p[j++].src=a[i];}} }  function MM_findObj(n, d) { //v4.01   var p,i,x;  if(!d) d=document; if((p=n.indexOf("?"))>0&&parent.frames.length) {     d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);}   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onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p112','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)">Curie              romaine </a></td>                     </tr>                     <tr>                        <td width="10"><a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1123','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)"><img name="p1123" border="0" src="../bouton_c/puce1_off.gif" width="9" height="9"></a></td>                       <td width="140"><a href="cardinaux_00.html" class="liens10" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1123','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)">Cardinaux</a></td>                     </tr>                     <tr>                        <td width="10"><a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1124','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)"><img name="p1124" border="0" src="../bouton_c/puce1_off.gif" width="9" height="9"></a></td>                       <td width="140"><a href="evek_00.html" class="liens10" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1124','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)">&Eacute;v&ecirc;ques</a></td>                     </tr>                     <tr>                        <td width="10"><a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p121','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)"><img name="p121" border="0" src="../bouton_c/puce1_off.gif" width="9" height="9"></a></td>                       <td width="140"><a href="synodes_00.html" class="liens10" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p121','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)">Synodes</a></td>                     </tr>                     <tr>                        <td width="10"><a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p131','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)"><img name="p131" border="0" src="../bouton_c/puce1_off.gif" width="9" height="9"></a></td>                       <td width="140"><a href="vatican_00.html" class="liens10" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p131','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)">&Eacute;tat                          du Vatican</a></td>                     </tr>                   </table>                 </td>               </tr>               <tr>                  <td><img src="../images-c/enseig_t.gif" alt="Enseignement du Pape" width="111" height="31"></td>               </tr>               <tr>                  <td height="53">                    <table width="102" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="51" align="right">                     <tr>                        <td height="11" width="10"><a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p151','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)"><img name="p151" border="0" src="../bouton_c/puce1_off.gif" width="9" height="9"></a></td>                       <td height="11" width="140"><a href="../enseignement/enseignem_00.html" class="liens10" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p151','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)">Grands                          textes</a></td>                     </tr>                     <tr>                        <td height="4" width="10"><a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1511','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)"><img name="p1511" border="0" src="../bouton_c/puce1_off.gif" width="9" height="9"></a></td>                       <td height="4" width="140"><a href="../enseignement/catechese_00.html" class="liens10" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1511','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)">Cat&eacute;ch&egrave;ses</a></td>                     </tr>                     <tr>                        <td width="10" height="8"><a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1121','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)"><img name="p1121" border="0" src="../bouton_c/puce1_off.gif" width="9" height="9"></a></td>                       <td width="140" height="8"><a href="../enseignement/ecoute_00.html" class="liens10" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1121','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)">A                          l'&eacute;coute du Pape</a></td>                     </tr>                     <tr>                        <td width="10"><a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1211','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)"><img name="p1211" border="0" src="../bouton_c/puce1_off.gif" width="9" height="9"></a></td>                                  <td width="140"><a href="../enseignement/canonisation-beat_00.html" class="liens10" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1211','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)">B&eacute;atifications              et Canonisations</a>            </td>                     </tr>                   </table>                 </td>               </tr>               <tr>                  <td><img src="../images-c/papemon_t.gif" alt="Le Pape et le monde" width="111" height="32"></td>               </tr>               <tr>                  <td>                    <table width="102" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="right">                     <tr>                        <td width="10"><a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p152','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)"><img name="p152" border="0" src="../bouton_c/puce1_off.gif" width="9" height="9"></a></td>                       <td width="140"><a href="../pape_monde/pap-mond_00.html" class="liens10" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p152','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)">Voyages                          apostoliques </a></td>                     </tr>                     <tr>                        <td width="10"><a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p1122','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)"><img name="p1122" border="0" 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align="right">&nbsp;</td>               </tr>               <tr>                  <td align="right">cefm &copy; 2002</td>               </tr>             </table><!-- #EndLibraryItem --><p>&nbsp;</p>           </td>           <td width="633" valign="top">              <p>&nbsp;</p>             <table width="605" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">               <tr align="left">                  <td colspan="2" class="gdTitre"> Qu'est-ce que le Vatican ?</td>               </tr>               <tr>                  <td width="3" background="../images-c/fd-text.gif">&nbsp;</td>                 <td width="602" valign="top">                    <table width="98%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">                     <tr>                        <!--PRINT-->                       <td class="chapo" height="61">                          <p>&nbsp;</p>                         <p> Colline situ&eacute;e un peu &agrave; l'&eacute;cart                            des sept collines de la Rome antique, le Vatican est                            le lieu vraisemblable du supplice et de l'inhumation                            de l'ap&ocirc;tre Pierre, au temps de N&eacute;ron (vers                            64-67). C'est l&agrave; que l'empereur Constantin fit                            construire en 324 une premi&egrave;re basilique, car                            ce site devint rapidement un but de p&egrave;lerinage                            pour les chr&eacute;tiens. Les papes y &eacute;tablirent                            au XIV&egrave;me si&egrave;cle leur r&eacute;sidence                            principale dans le palais apostolique voisin, et l'actuelle                            basilique Saint-Pierre fut construite au XVI&egrave;me                            si&egrave;cle. En 1929, pour mettre fin au conflit entre                            la papaut&eacute; et le nouveau royaume italien, un                            micro &Eacute;tat, la Cit&eacute; du Vatican, fut cr&eacute;&eacute;                            comme support au service de l'&Eacute;glise, de son                            administration centrale, la Curie romaine, et de son                            entit&eacute; juridique internationale, le Saint-Si&egrave;ge.</p>                       </td>                       <!--/PRINT-->                       <td width="36%" align="center" valign="middle" height="61">                          <table width="165" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="79">                           <tr>                              <td colspan="2"><img src="../images-c/savoirplus-ht.gif" alt="En savoir Plus" width="165" height="18"></td>                           </tr>                           <tr>                              <td background="../images-c/savoirplus-fd.gif" width="2">&nbsp;</td>                             <td width="163" align="right" valign="top"> &nbsp;                                <table width="170" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="41">                                 <tr>                                    <td width="23"><img name="doc44" border="0" src="../bouton_c/doc_off.gif" width="20" height="20"></td>                                   <td width="142"><a href="saint-siege_00.html" class="liens10">Saint                                      Si&egrave;ge</a></td>                                 </tr>                                 <tr>                                    <td width="23"><img name="doc44" border="0" src="../bouton_c/doc_off.gif" width="20" height="20"></td>                                   <td width="142"><a href="#a" class="liens10">Un                                      &eacute;tat ind&eacute;pendant </a> </td>                                 </tr>                                 <tr>                                    <td width="23"><img name="doc44" border="0" src="../bouton_c/doc_off.gif" width="20" height="20"></td>                                   <td width="142"><a href="#b" class="liens10">Quelle                                      diff&eacute;rence avec le Saint-Si&egrave;ge                                      ? </a></td>                                 </tr>                                 <tr>                                    <td width="23"><img src="../bouton_c/doc_off.gif" alt="" width="20" height="20"></td>                                   <td width="142"><a href="javascript://" class="liens10" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('p111','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1);MM_swapImage('p1111','','../bouton_c/puce1_over.gif',1)" onClick="MM_openBrWindow('../glosssaire/gloss_00.html','gloss1','scrollbars=yes,width=570,height=180')">Glossaire</a></td>                                 </tr>                                 <tr>                                    <td width="23">&nbsp;</td>                                   <td width="142">&nbsp;</td>                                 </tr>                               </table>                             </td>                           </tr>                           <tr valign="top">                              <td colspan="2"><img src="../images-c/savoirplus-bas.gif" alt="" width="165" height="2"></td>                           </tr>                         </table>                       </td>                     </tr>                     <tr>                                              <td align="center" height="11" colspan="2">                          <p class="citation2">&nbsp;</p>                       </td>                                            </tr>                     <tr>                        <!--PRINT-->                       <td height="11" colspan="2">                         <p><a name="a"></a></p>                         <p><span class="intertitre">Un &eacute;tat ind&eacute;pendant                            </span> </p>                         <p>Le Vatican constitue aujourd'hui le plus petit &Eacute;tat                            du monde, avec 44 hectares (3,5 fois plus petit que                            Monaco) et un millier d'habitants. Il comprend la cit&eacute;                            du Vatican mais l'exterritorialit&eacute; s'applique                            aux basiliques romaines, certains palais et la r&eacute;sidence                            estivale de Castel Gandolfo. Il r&eacute;sulte des accords                            du Latran sign&eacute;s en 1929 entre Pie XI et le gouvernement                            italien pour r&eacute;gler la &quot; question romaine                            &quot; : l'ach&egrave;vement de l'unit&eacute; italienne                            avec la chute de Rome en 1870 avait sonn&eacute; la                            fin de la puissance temporelle de l'&Eacute;glise et                            la disparition des &Eacute;tats pontificaux, ce que                            Pie IX n'avait pas accept&eacute;, se retranchant comme                            un prisonnier dans son palais. <br>                           Mais le Vatican gardait la reconnaissance internationale                            comme entit&eacute; morale. La cr&eacute;ation de cette                            entit&eacute; souveraine, territoire neutre et inviolable,                            a permis &agrave; l'&eacute;poque &agrave; l'&Eacute;glise,                            plus attach&eacute;e &agrave; son pouvoir spirituel,                            de pr&eacute;server son ind&eacute;pendance des puissances                            europ&eacute;ennes, en particulier pendant la seconde                            guerre mondiale. Cet &Eacute;tat constitue aujourd'hui                            un support au service de l'&Eacute;glise, et abrite                            quelques uns des services centraux de la Curie romaine.                            Il fonctionne selon un syst&egrave;me monarchique religieux                            avec l'&eacute;lection &agrave; vie du souverain, le                            pape, qui dispose de la pl&eacute;nitude des pouvoirs                            ex&eacute;cutif, l&eacute;gislatif et judiciaire.<br>                           Comme tout &Eacute;tat, le Vatican a son drapeau, son                            hymne, ses timbres et m&ecirc;me sa monnaie. Il dispose                            encore de sa propre gare, mais son arm&eacute;e est                            aujourd'hui r&eacute;duite &agrave; la garde suisse                            pontificale, qui fait toujours le bonheur des touristes.                            Un corps de police interne compl&egrave;te les services                            de s&eacute;curit&eacute;. Cet &Eacute;tat ne constitue                            en r&eacute;alit&eacute; qu'une simple assise territoriale                            pour l'&Eacute;glise, qui dispose d'une entit&eacute;                            sp&eacute;cifique reconnue sur la sc&egrave;ne internationale,                            le Saint-Si&egrave;ge, dans lequel s'incarnent &agrave;                            la fois le pape et la Curie romaine.</p>                       </td><!--/PRINT-->                     </tr>                     <tr>                      <!--PRINT-->                        <td height="11" colspan="2">                         <p><a name="b"></a></p>                         <p><span class="intertitre">Quelle diff&eacute;rence avec                            le Saint-Si&egrave;ge ? </span> </p>                         <p>Alors que la Cit&eacute; du Vatican constitue un petit                            Etat souverain, l'appellation Saint-Si&egrave;ge concerne                            plus particuli&egrave;rement l'entit&eacute; juridique,                            internationalement reconnue, qui incarne le pouvoir                            spirituel du chef de l'&Eacute;glise catholique. Concr&egrave;tement,                            le Saint-Si&egrave;ge est compos&eacute; de tout ce                            qui participe de l'administration centrale de l'&Eacute;glise,                            le pape en premier lieu, mais aussi ceux qui l'assistent                            dans son minist&egrave;re : les diff&eacute;rents services                            de la Curie (Secr&eacute;tairerie d'&Eacute;tat, congr&eacute;gations                            et conseils pontificaux, etc.), et le service diplomatique                            incarn&eacute; par les nonces, repr&eacute;sentants                            du Saint-Si&egrave;ge &agrave; l'&eacute;tranger.<br>                         </p>                       </td><!--/PRINT-->                     </tr>                     <tr>                       <td align="center" height="11" colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>                     </tr>                     <tr>                        <td colspan="2">                          <p>&nbsp;</p>                       </td>                     </tr>                   </table>                 </td>               </tr>               <tr>                  <td colspan="2"><img src="../images-c/ligne-bas-text.gif" alt="" width="605" height="2"></td>               </tr>               <tr valign="top">                  <td colspan="2"> <!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/menubasPrint.lbi" --><table width="120" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" background="../images-c/pix_87c5fe.gif" height="20">                     <tr>                       <td>                         <table width="46%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">                           <tr>                             <td>&nbsp;</td>                             <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/script-recomm.lbi" --><a  href="../scripts/recomail.php3" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('Image47','','../bouton_c/mel_over.gif',1);window.status='Recommander ce site';return(true)" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();window.status='';return(true)"; onClick="window.open('','popup','width=350,height=290,scrollbars=0')" target="popup"><img name="Image47" border="0" src="../bouton_c/mel_off.gif" width="20" height="20" alt="Recommander cette page"></a><!-- #EndLibraryItem --></td>                             <td align="right"><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/print-script.lbi" --><a href="../scripts/print.php" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onclick="window.open('','popup','width=570,height=490,scrollbars=1')" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('Image46','','../bouton_c/print_over.gif',1)" target="popup"><img name="Image46" border="0" src="../bouton_c/print_off.gif" width="20" height="20" alt="Imprimer la page"></a><!-- #EndLibraryItem --></td>                             <td align="right"><a href="#haut" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('Image48','','../bouton_c/ht1_over.gif',1)"><img name="Image48" border="0" src="../bouton_c/ht1_off.gif" width="20" height="20" alt="Haut de la page"></a></td>                           </tr>                         </table>                       </td>                     </tr>                   </table><!-- #EndLibraryItem --><p>&nbsp;</p>                 </td>               </tr>             </table>             <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>             <p align="center">&nbsp; </p>             </td>         </tr>       </table>     </td>   </tr> </table> </body> </html> 
