Gérard Subsol, Ph.D. CNRS Research Associate 2D/3D visual data processing & modelling gerard.subsol@lirmm.fr Updated on 19/3/2024

Research-Team ICAR LIRMM - UMR 5506 LIRMM, Campus St Priest Bât. 5, CC 05016 860 rue de St Priest 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France Phone : (+33) (0)4 67 41 86 94 Office : 3/064

Some former projects

• VESALE 3D: 3D dynamic virtual dissection for the teaching of human anatomy (May 2019-May 2020)

  Since 2012, the French Haute Autorité de Santé has recommended that the teaching of surgery and technical gestures should "never be done for the first time on a patient". This requires a simulation-based teachning that is realistic enough to reproduce the surgical anatomy. The objectives of the VESALE 3D project, funded by the MUSE Project, are:

  • 1) to create a database of 3D models of large anatomical regions of multidisciplinary interest for surgical learning;
  • 2) to develop a "virtual" dissection methodology which is 3D and dynamic in order to reproduce the successive stages of dissection;
  • 3) to propose a new educational tool for training and evaluation that is an alternative to dissection in the medical education program at the undergraduate (learning anatomy), postgraduate (surgical anatomy) or continuing education levels.

• INLOO: 3D Information and eNgineering technoLogies for analysis of hOmo genus in SOuth Africa (March 2011 - March 2014)

  The CNRS INLOO International Project aims to associate French and South-African research teams in Computer Science and in paleo-anthropology in order to develop and test new algorithms to assist the evolutive analysis, in 3 dimensions of fossil anatomical structures.

  The goal is to study in particular the transition to the Homo genus, around 2 million years old. Thanks to the international collaboration, the project partners have access to data of the 'Cradle of Humankind' which include hominid fossils from 4 to -1 million years BC.

• FOSSPROPALE: 3D Geometrical and Mechanical Modelling of the Fossilization Process of Paleoanthropological Remains: Application to Retrodeformation (May 2011 – May 2013)

  One of the main difficulties in studying unearthed human fossils is that they have often undergone plastic deformation due to the slow movement of the surrounding geological layers, the increasing compression of the sediments that piled-up onto them, and more generally the diagenetic phenomena. It is then essential to identify these post-mortem deformations in order to restore the original shape of the fossil. In some cases, the deformations are so important that the fossil lost completely its proportions, preventing any morphometrical analysis! At the moment, palaeontologists use empirical and manual methods to compensate for these deformations.

  In this CNRS Pluridisciplinary Exploratory Project, we plan to develop a more realistic method which has been, as far as we known, never investigated. If we know the position and the orientation of the fossil in the excavation, it becomes possible to infer the taphonomic constraints as for example, the gravity or the movement of the surrounding geological layers. If we assume that the fossil follows a given deformation law, we can build a biomechanical model of the anatomical structure and retro-deform it based on biomechanical laws and data.

• ENDEX: Endocast Extraction project (2009-2012)

  A cranial endocast is a cast (replica) of the inside of the skull. Natural (fossil) endocasts can sometimes be found, and artificial endocasts can be typically obtained by filling the empty braincase with latex and using the latter as a mould to build a plaster cast. More recently, CT has been extensively used to build “virtual” or “digital” endocasts in a precise and non-invasive way.

  The aim of our project is to provide new tools to extract endocast. A software is born of this project, called Endex.

• 3D-MORPHINE: 3D Morphometry of Hominid Endocasts (2009-2010)

  A cranial endocast is a cast (replica) of the inside of the skull. Natural (fossil) endocasts can sometimes be found, and artificial endocasts can be typically obtained by filling the empty braincase with latex and using the latter as a mould to build a plaster cast. More recently, CT has been extensively used to build “virtual” or “digital” endocasts in a precise and non-invasive way.

  The aim of this two-year Collaborative Research Initiative (ARC) granted by INRIA (the French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control) was to devise, implement, validate and apply new mathematical and computational methods for the automated morphometric analysis of extant and extinct hominid cranial virtual endocasts.

• ODENT: 3D Tools for Archeology and Paleontology (June 2007 - Dec. 2008)

  This CNRS Project aimed to analyze and develop some 3D interaction and modelling software tools for research in archaeology and paleontology.

• FOVEA: Virtual Excavation of Paleo-Anthropological Environments (mid-2003 - mid-2005) The FOVEA Project gathered two research teams in Paleontology and two research teams in Computer Science , all of them being internationally recognized, in an ambitious research program that has the following goals:
  • to build a 3D complete digital model of a paleo-anthropological excavation site,
  • to archive exhaustively the discoveries,
  • to assist the paleo-anthropologists in their research, in particular, by allowing them to test hypotheses on the evolution of the site thanks to 4D modeling tools,
  • to favour scientific collaborations,
  • to broadcast the results over Internet.
  and to combine Information and Human Sciences, as high-technologies with our oldest Past. The FOVEA Project is supported and partially funded by the Interdisciplianry Program "Information Society Archivage et patrimoine documentaire - Apports des sciences de l'information et de la cognition" of the French Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) for the period mid-2003 / mid-2005.